CEF
objective:
ensuring that sufficient financing is available to make public schools
work for all girls and boys, and that resources reach where they are
most needed
CEF has played a lead role in demystifying the budget process, enabling
civil society to engage in budget analysis; track disbursement flows
through the education system; monitor expenditure and lobby to influence
budget allocations. As a result of CEF support, education budgets
have increasingly been brought under the scrutiny of civil society
organisations.
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A Budget Guide for Civil Society Organisations Working in Education
V.
Perry (2009)
Budgets
can be complex documents. Many people feel intimidated by budget
work, assuming that it requires very technical skills. But budget
work can be straightforward. Using basic arithmetic, civil society
can use budget information to talk in powerful ways about how public
resources are used for education. This guide provides civil society
organisations (CSOs) in the education sector with the basic information
they need to get started on budget work. Using
background information, budget exercises and short illustrative
case studies, It introduces core concepts relating to budgets,
and discusses ways of analysing them. It also demonstrates how budget
work can inform strategic advocacy messages, and bring about change
in the education sector. At the end of the guide there is a dictionary
of economic and budget terminology and a list of useful reference
materials where you can find out more about budget work.
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Making the Budget Work for Education: Experiences, Achievements
and lessons learned from civil society budget work
M.
Claasen (2008)
Over the last decade, budget work, or applied budget analysis, has
become increasingly recognised as an important tool for holding
governments and non-state actors accountable for their policy commitments,
budget allocations and expenditure. Increasingly, CSOs have adopted
budget work as a key part of their advocacy and have recognised
that the following three democratic principles are essential for
the achievement of human development goals: Accountability; Public
participation; and Transparency. This report focuses on the work
supported by CEF to enable local communities to monitor spending
on education at national and local levels. Case studies compiled
by Idasa (Institute for Democracy in South Africa) examine work
done by CEF partners in
Bangladesh, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi and Uganda.
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Civil Society Engagement in Education Budgets: A Report Documenting
Commonwealth Education Fund Experience
V.
Perry (2008)
This report documents CEF experience, illustrating how civil society
can engage in the budget process through budget analysis; tracking
disbursement flows through the education system; monitoring expenditure;
and lobbying to influence budget allocations to the education sector.
The report describes why education budget work is important. It records
the range of work supported by CEF, setting this within the international
context and noting major achievements and common challenges faced
by organisations implementing programmes of budget work. It provides
country profiles, which offer an insight into the achievements, activities,
challenges and lessons learnt for each of the countries supported
by the CEF, making recommendations based on partner experiences. It
is primarily intended for groups or individuals that have a new or
relatively new interest in education budget work, but may also be
of interest to those that have engaged in this work for some time,
The final section of the report provides a list of resources –
budget expenditure tracking manuals, tools and examples of research
on education financing – that were produced with CEF support.
These serve as a useful guide for the reader to investigate budget
work in more depth. There are also links to organisational websites
for further information on budget work.
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Confronting corruption in education:
Advancing accountable practices through budget monitoring
V.
Turrent (2009)
Education
budget work conducted by civil society is a
powerful way of holding governments accountable to
their citizens, and drawing attention to corruption in the
education system. This brief discusses the relevance of
civil society budget work for anti-corruption initiatives,
focusing on the experience of CEF, in which budget monitoring is employed
as an anti-corruption tool in the education sector. It presents its
strengths and limitations – arguing for increased access to
budget information and greater civil society participation in such
processes.
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| Selected
budget work documents from CEF partners |
CEF
Bangladesh partner:
Power and Participation Research Centre
(PPRC)
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CEF
The Gambia partner:
Pro-Poor Advocacy Group (ProPAG)
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CEF
Ghana partner:
The Northern Ghana Network for Development (NGND)
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CEF
Kenya partner:
Elimu Yetu Coalition (EYC) |
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CEF
Malawi partner:
Coalition for Quality Basic Education (CSCQBE) |
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CEF
Pakistan partner:
Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP)
http://www.hrcp-web.org
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CEF
Sri Lanka-commissioned study:
Institute of Policy Studies
http://www.ips.lk/
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CEF Tanzania partner:
Tanzania
Education Network (TENMET)
http://www.tenmet.org
The national education coalition TENMET collaborated with Oxfam to
produce this guide.
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CEF Tanzania partner:
Pamoja
Trust
http://www.pamojatrust.com
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CEF Tanzania partners:
Hakikazi
Catalyst, REPOA and TGNP
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CEF Uganda partner:
Uganda Adult Education
Network (UGAADEN)
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CEF
Uganda partners:
Acenlworo UPE Budget Child Monitoring
Project
CEF supported three local Ugandan NGOs to implement the UPE
Budget Monitoring Project led by schoolchildren themselves. The partners
were: the
African Network for Prevention and Protection against Child Abuse
and Neglect (ANPPCAN) Uganda Chapter in
Wakiso and Kampala districts, Acen-Lworo Child and Family Program
in Apac, and Kigulu Development Group.
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CEF
Uganda partners: report by Anyuru, M. on the experiences of
The Apac Anti-Corruption Coalition (TAACC), CCF Acenlworo
Children and Family Programme, and Uganda Adult Education Network
(UGAADEN)
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International
Anti-Corruption Conference (IACC)
CEF shared learning from its budget work at the 13th IACC in 2008.
The session report and presentation are available on the 13th
IACC website
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| External
resources |
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Economic Literacy
and Budget Accountability for Governance (ELBAG)
ELBAG is an approach promoted by citizens and Civil Society Organisations
to monitor government budgets, economic policies and decision making
for just and democratic governance. It is a part of a citizen's movement
to seek accountability for Governance.
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Institute
for Democracy in South Africa (Idasa)
Idasa is an independent public interest organisation committed to
promoting sustainable democracy based on active citizenship, democratic
institutions, and social justice. IDASA's
Economic Governance Programme works in the area of Education Budgets
in various countries across Africa.
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Transparency
International
Report with case studies from countries including Zambia and Sierra
Leone.
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Journal
of Education for International Development,
1(1). Hallak, J & Poisson, M;
Examines opportunities for corruption in education, and successful
experiments for improving transparency and accountability.Major strategic
areas: regulation, management and ownership.
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International
Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)/UNESCO
Reinikka, R & Smith, N
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Netherlands
Development Organisation (SNV) Tanzania. Kees de Graaf. Research
paper on 5 NGOs doing public expenditure tracking surveys (PETS) in
Tanzania. |
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| The
International Budget Work Project
builds civil society budget work capacity. This report by Vivek Ramkumar
features examples, including some from countries where CEF worked. |
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Oxfam
GB:
Chris Pain and Kate Dyer. Report from workshop of 11 education advocacy
NGOs to discuss the different research methodologies, advocacy work
and impact indicators used of civil society in their monitoring budget
work.
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Save
the Children UK: Save the Children UK has a long track record
of lobbying for improved services for children around
the world and of working with the public sector to improve implementation,
accessibility and relevance of services. As public expenditure is
central to providing key services for protecting children’s
rights and wellbeing, several Save the Children UK programmes are
carrying out budget monitoring
activities. This publication draws together lessons
from this widely varied work. |
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